Mythology

June 21, 2007

Mythology Encyclopedia 67

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Dobhar-Chu: (pronounced dooay, dour). The Celtic name for a Water Dog (q.v.).
Dobrochot: A Russian pet-name for a demon, especially the domestic spirit.
Doctor: If you call a doctor on a Friday, the patient will die (Cambridge, Mass.)
Dog: Dogs are supposed to see spirits, when human beings cannot; thus in Old
Scandinavia, the dogs could see Hela, the death goddess, moving about. (GRIMM,
D.M., p. 632.)
The Esquimaux lay a dog s head in a child s grave, in order that the dog may guide the
infant to the land of Souls. (CRANZ: Gr nland.)
When dogs wallow in the dust expect foul weather. (BRAND, Observations, Vol. III, p.
189.)
The howling of a dog at night near a house forebodes the death of an inmate. (OWEN,
p. 304; LAWSON, p. 328; LE BRAZ, Vol. I, p. 7; CAMBRY, Voyage dans le Finist re,
Vol. I, p. 71; DALYELL, p. 503; HAZLITT, p. 184; F.L.J., 1883, pp. 217, 355), or the
presence of spirits in the air (St. John, Leg. Chr. East, p. 193.)
Dogs give warning of death by scratching on the floor of the house. (Great Britain,
India.)
If a black and white spotted dog crosses your path when you are on your way to some
business, you are sure to have success (Great Britain), or you will have a disappointment
(India).
A dog running between two friends indicates the end of the friendship (Alsace, LAMBS,
p. 29).
A dog coming and staying in your house, is an omen of wealth (China DOOLITTLE,
Vol. II, p. 328).
Sailors on the sea do not mention dogs by their name. (BASSETT, pp. 125, 279.)
If a dog howls the night before Christmas, it will go mad within the year. (RAGNER.)
Among the Zulus it is a very bad omen for a dog to climb on the roof of a hut. (HAGGARD,
Nada the Lily, pp. 36, 38); among the Oraons, see SARAT CHANDRA ROY,
The Oraons of Chota Nagpur, p. 273; FRAZER, Folklore in the Old Testament, Vol. III,
p. 264, quoted in Ethnologie du Bengale, p. 125.
Cane praeviso funere disce mori.
R. KEUCHEN, Crepundia, 115.
Capitolinus tells us that the death of Maximinus was presaged by the howling of dogs.
Pausanias says, the dogs broke into a fierce howl just before the overthrow of the
Messenians.
Virgil says the same thing occurred just before the battle of Pharsalia.
Vide Rat, Owl, Fire, Ulcer, Madness, Fisherman.
Dog s Blood: The Chinese say that the blood of a dog will reveal a person who has
rendered himself invisible (!)
Dolphin: Dolphins pursuing one another in fair and calm weather, foreshow wind; but if
they thus play when the seas are rough and troubled, it is a sign of fair and calm

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Mythology Encyclopedia 66

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Dioscuri: Class. Myth. The twins Castor and Pollux. They were typically represented as
horsemen and were patrons of games and equestrian exercise. Castor alone was mortal.
Vide Asvins, Leda, Pollux.
Dirce: Gr. Myth. The second wife of Lycus. Antiope s sons tied her to a wild bull which
dragged her about until she died. After her death she was changed into a fountain by
Bacchus. cf. Pirene.
Dirge: A music or song of a mournful character to accompany funeral or memorial rites.
Dis: Rom. Myth. Pluto was so called by the Romans.
Disappointment: Vide Feast, Fool, Pig, Scissors, Sneeze, Song.
Disease: Diseases are superstitiously believed to be caused by various demons. (For
authorities see under separate headings.) cf. Jew. Enc., Vol. IV, p. 517; ROTH,
Superstition, Magic and Religion in North Queensland; Ethnolog. Bulletin, No. 5,
Brisbane, 1903, 116; TAPLIN, The Narrinyeri, pp. 62 seq.; HOWITT, Native Tribes, pp.
356, 358; ELLIS, Yoruba-speaking Peoples, pp. 113 seq.)
The Dyaks of Borneo are firm believers in diseases being caused by spirits. (ST.
JOHN, Far East, Vol. I, p. 217; TYLOR, P.C., Vol. II, p. 134.)
Bread consecrated on St. Blaise s day (3rd February) cures all cattle s diseases.
St. Rooke cures diseases, because he had a sore; St. Sebastian, because he was
martyred with arrows and St. Blaise cures all children s diseases. Vide Bear, Blood,
Brushwood, Claw.
Distaff: In Hungaria if a young married woman takes her distaff and her needle case
with her to her husband s home, she will give birth to baby girls only. (PLOSS, Das
Weib, Vol. I, p. 551, quoting V. CZAPLOVICS Gem lde von Ungarn.)
Diti: Hindu Myth. A goddess, daughter of Daksha, wife of Kasyapa and mother of the
Daityas. (Dowson, H.C.D., p. 93.)
Div: Turkish Folklore. A giant, a demon, a fiend, of a gigantic size, and ugly. (REDHOUSE,
Turkish-English Lexicon, p. 940; KUNOS, T.F.T.)
Div zeny: Wild women ; female forest-spirits of Bohemian folklore.
Divining Petrel: A kind of sea-bird, considered by sailors as extremely unlucky to kill. cf.
Albatross, Petrel, Mother Carey s Chickens.
Divining Rod: A forked hazel rod suspended between the balls of the thumb was, at
one time, supposed to indicate the presence of water springs and precious metals by
inclining towards the earth, beneath which these are to be found.

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June 20, 2007

Mythology Encyclopedia 65

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Dhatri: Hindu Myth. Maker, Creator. A deity of no very defined powers and functions;
he is described as operating in the production of life and preservation of health. He promotes
generation, brings about matrimony, presides over domestic life, cures diseases
and heals broken bones. He is said to have formed the sun, moon, sky, earth, air and
heaven. (Dowson, H.C.D., p. 90.)
Diamond: The diamond is an emblem of innocence. It is dedicated to April and the sun.
In the Zodiac it stands for Virgo; in Christian art, for invulnerable faith.
Diamond produces somnambulism and promotes spiritual ecstasy.
Diana: Rom. Myth. An ancient Italian goddess whose worship was early widespread
throughout the Peninsula. She is represented, like Artemis, as a huntress.
Diancecht: Celt. Myth. A Gaelic god of medicine.
Diarmaid: Celt. Myth. He was noted for his beauty spot which was always kept covered
up with his cap, for if any woman chanced to see it, she would instantly fall in love with
him.
Diarmait O Duibhne: According to a Gaelic legend he is said to have eloped with Finn s
betrothed.
Dickepoten: In the provinces of Mark and Lower Saxony the Jack-o -Lantern (q.v.) is
designated by this name.
Dictyna: The Cretan goddess Britomartia, probably a local counterpart of Artemis.
Digestion: Topaz promotes digestion.
Dimple: Dimples are the impressions of God s fingers, hence a dimple on the chin is
considered lucky (Great Britain).
Dimple in chin
Devil within.
Chestertown, Md. (BERGEN, C.S., p. 32).
Dindymene: Gr. Myth. The Great Mother (q.v.) was so called from Mt. Dindimus. Vide
Agdistis.
Dionea: Class. Myth. A nymph, daughter of Uranus and the Earth, or of Oceanus and
Tethys. She was loved by Zeus, and became the mother of Venus.
Dionysos: Gr. Myth. The god of wine and riotous merriment. The Romans identified him
with Bacchus.

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Mythology Encyclopedia 64

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1, p. 253.) Tempests are often caused by him (Ethnologie du Bengale, p. 101.)
Deodand: Given to God. In Old English law not only every animal which killed a man,
but every instrument or tree or cart-wheel, etc. which caused the death of a man was
deodand. (cf. R. DOUGLAS, China, 4th ed., p. 83).
Omnia que movent ad mortem sunt Deodanda.
BRACTON.
Desert: All deserts are a resort of Bhut. (CROOKE, P.R.I., Vol. 1, p. 278, quoting
Henderson, Folklore of Northern Countries, p. 278 etc.)
Desert Goats: Amongst the Malays of the Lower Siamese States it is believed that if a
desert goat fall over a cliff, it immediately licks itself whole. Accordingly, the tongue of a
desert goat is carried as an amulet against falling, and is a sure cure for wounds
caused by falling.
Despoina: Gr. Myth. Persephone was often called by this name.
Deucalion: Gr. Myth. A king of Pythia in Thessaly, son of Prometheus and Pyrrha. He is
the Noah of Greek mythology. During the inundation, Deucalion and Pyrrha took refuge
in a barge which stopped on Mt. Parnasse. They alone were the sole survivors of the
flood. They repopulated the world by throwing stones behind them; each stone thrown
by Deucalion became a man and each thrown by Pyrrha a woman.
Deva: (Nom. Devas Deus, from the root Div, to shine.) Hindu Myth. God. The gods
are spoken of as thirty-three in number; eleven for each of the three worlds. Dowson,
H.C.D., p. 84; MACDONNEL, Vedic Mythology.)
Devala: Hindu Myth. Music personified as a female.
Devas: Zoroastrianism. The spirits of evil.
Devata: Hindu Myth. A divine being or god. The name Devata includes the gods in
general or, as most frequently used, the whole body of inferior gdds. (Dowson, H.C.D.,
p. 85.)
Devi: Hindu Relig. The consort of Siva and daughter of Himavat (Himalaya Mountains).
She is the Sakti or female energy of Siva, and is considered either as a beneficent oras a malignant deity. In the former she is called Devi goddess, Gaurl the yellow orbrilliant, Uma light, Parvati the mountaineer, etc., in the latter, Durga, Kali, Chandi. Devil: In Jewish and Christian theology it is the popular appellation of the supreme spirit
of evil, the tempter and spiritual enemy of mankind, the foe of God and holiness.
To dream of the devil denotes trouble; if he appears in fire, some immediate misfortunewill befall you, if he vanishes in smoke, expect returning calm.

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June 19, 2007

Mythology Encyclopedia 63

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Decuma: Rom. Myth. One of the three goddesses of Fate; she is identical withLachesis. Deer: Cherokee hunters ask pardon of the deer they kill. If they failed to do so, thechief of the deer tribe would track the hunter and put the spirit of rheumatism into him.
(FRAZER, G.B., Vol. II, p. 406.) Defilement: St. Susan preserves from defilement. Deformity: In Japan the birth of a deformed child is attributed to some great sin of theparents (GRIFFIS, M.E., p. 472); or in India to the non-fulfilment of the mothers wishes(JOLLY, Medicin, Grundr. d. Indo-Arisch. Phil., p. 52, quoted in Ethnologie du Bengale,p. 81, n. I; Cf. CROOKE, P.R.I., Vol. II, p. 3).
Deianira: Gr. Myth. Wife of Hercules, whose death she unwittingly caused. Vide
Nessus.
Deino: Gr. Myth. One of the Graeae.
Delhan: Muham. Myth. A demoniacal being of Arab superstition, who inhabits the
islands of the seas; it has the form of a man and rides an ostrich. It eats the flesh of
men, whom the sea casts on the shore from wrecks. (LANE, A.S.M.A., p. 44.)
Delphian Oracle: Gr. Relig. The most famous oracle in the world. The oracles were
given forth by a priestess, the Pythia, who seated herself upon a golden tripod above a
chasm, whence issued mephitic vapours.
Demeter: Gr. Myth. She is identified with Ceres of the Romans.
Demi-Gods: The heroes of ancient mythology, sons of mortals and gods or goddesses,
who raised themselves to the standard of gods by their acts of bravery, are usually
designated by this name; thus Hercules, Achilles, Castor and Pollux, etc., are all considered
as demi-gods.
Demon: In ancient Greek mythology xxxxx or demon was a supernatural being of a
nature intermediate between that of gods and men. In popular superstition it means a
malignant spirit of a superhuman nature.
The three special characteristics of mediaeval demons were horns, hoofs . . . and
tails.
WRIGHT, Hist. Caricat. (1865).
Deo: Hindu Folklore. Originally this term was applied to the thirty-three great divinities.
Now the term represents a vague class of the demon-ogre family, The Deo is a cannibal,
and were he not exceedingly stupid could do much harm. (CROOKE, P.R.I., Vol.

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Mythology Encyclopedia 62

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To imagine that you hear someone calling you by your name soon after dusk, is an
omen of death. (India.)
The dismal moaning of a dog prognosticates a death in the near future.
Dogs give warning of death by scratching on the floor of the house. (Great Britain.)
Pictures falling off the wall without anyone touching them is a sign of death (Great
Britain.)
(For other forms of Death Omens see LEAN S Collectanea, Vol. II, pp. 548-580;
BERGEN, Current Superstitions, pp. 125-130.)
Vide Coffin, Cock, Change of Address, Hoop, Salt, Comet, Bittern, Broom, Dog,
Picture, Rat, Raven, Pleiades, Fir tree, Lamb, Cinder, Candle, Cricket, Louse, Star,
Winding Sheet, Yello7v Light, Bedclothes, Clothes, Bat, Bay tree, Bedstead, Bee,
Building, Crow, Eye, Egg, Godmother, Hand, Knock, Match, Mayflower, Meteor, Mirror,
Mouse, Nail, Needle, Owl, Pigeon, Salt, Shoe, Smell, Smile, Sweeping, Will,
Turbentine, Umbrella, Wedding ring, Whistle, Worm, Menstruation, Portrait, Panel, Bird,
Cuckoo, Goose, Breeze, Knocking, Water, Blood, Reed, Butterfly.
Death Warnings: In Great Britain: Vide Banshee, Corpse Candles, Bodachun Dun,
Edgewell Oak, Aderyn y Corph, Doubles, Gwrach y Rhibyn, St. John s Eve, Wag-atthe-
Wa , Cyhiraeth.
In France: Vide Melusine.
In Germany: Several princes of Germany have their special warning-givers of death. In
some it is the roaring of a lion, in others it is the howling of a dog; in some it is the
tolling of a bell, or the striking of a clock at an unusual time, in others it is a bustling
noise about the castle.
Vide White Lady, Habergeis, Ahnfrau.
Among the Wends: Vide Bozaloshtsh.
In Austria: Vide Habsburg.
In Bohemia: Vide Smrtnice.
Spectrum foemineum vestitu lugubri apparere solet in arce quandam illustris familiae,
antequam una ex conjugibus dominorum illorum vita decedat.
DELRIO: Disquisitiones Magicoe, p. 592.
In Beyrout: Vide Weeping Chamber.
(Other forms of death warnings are given under separate headings.)
Death Rattle: A particular kind of noise made in respiring by a person in the extremity
of sickness; it is considered an omen of death. (HAZLITT, p. 171.)
Death-watch: The tapping made by a small beetle, called a death-watch, is said to be a
warning of death to someone in the house. (OWEN, p. 325; BRAND, Observations,
Vol. III, p. 225.)
December: December s frost and January s flood
Never boded the husbandman s good.
(LEAN, Vol. I, p. 367, quoting Times, Jan. 1, 1884.)
Vide Turquoise, Ruby.

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Mythology Encyclopedia 61

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Pop. Rom., p. 223.)
Dano: A kind of Indian demon who is nowadays hardly to be distinguished from the Bir.
(CROOKE, P.R.I., Vol. I, p. 254.)
Danu: Celt. Myth. The Gaelic mother of the gods, cognate with the Cymric goddess
Don. She is represented as the ancestress of the forces of knowledge and light, the
Tuatha De Danann, who overcame the powers of darkness, the Fomors.
Darbas: Tearers ; Rakshasas and other destructive demons.
Darkness: Spirits can only appear in the dark.
If you dream of losing your way in the dark, you will be blinded by some passion and
have much trouble.
Dasim: Muham. Myth. A son of Iblis, a jinn, who causes hatred between husband and
wife. (Jew. Enc., Vol. IV, p. 521.)
Davy Jones: In sailors superstition, it is a malignant spirit having power over the sea;
hence the sea itself is called Davy Jones s Locker.
Dead Body: It is unlucky to pass a dead body lying on the ground. (Tibet. WADDELL,
p. 135.) Vide Corpse.
Death: Death is caused by the soul leaving the material body which served as a resting
place for the soul; it is merely a transitory stage from one form to another.
Immediately after the death of someone in the house, all those who are sleeping must
be awakened, otherwise it would be their sleep of death. (East Prussia, Silesia. WUTTKE,
p. 209.)
To dream of death denotes happiness and long life. Vide Pigeon, Tide, Lock.
Death Omens: Death is foretold by the ringing of a bell that cannot otherwise be
accounted for. (Southern Ohio.)
A cow lowing after midnight foretells a death.
If a doctor is called on a Friday, the patient will surely die. (Cambridge, Mass.)
If you meet a funeral train, it is a sign of death. (Prince Edward Islands.)
Lie down on the table and you will die within a year. (Mattawamkeag, Me.)
Ringing in the ears is a sign of death. (U.S.A.)
Three chairs placed accidentally in a row means death. (Ohio.)
If sparks are accidentally kept overnight, it is a sign of death. (Cumberland, Me.)
To hold a lamp over a sleeping person causes death (Massachusetts.)
To knock on the door and receive no answer is a sign of death. (Virginia and
Englewood, Ill.)
A film of tallow shot from the top of a lighted candle gives warning to the house of an
approaching death. (Great Britain.)

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June 18, 2007

Mythology Encyclopedia 60

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Dagger: To dream of daggers denotes hot contest with others.
Daikoku: Jap. Myth. A god of luck (q.v.), who stands on a bale of rice and is accompanied
by a rat.
Daini: In Bengal this word signifies a witch. The line of demarcation between a Daini
and a Dakini is extremely fine (see Ethnologle du Bengale, p. 95).
Daitya: Hindu Myth. Titans, descendants of Diti by Kasyapa. A race of demons and
giants who warred against the gods and interfered with sacrifices. They were in turn
victorious and vanquished. (Dowson, H.C.D., p. 76.)
In later Indian mythology, they were evil beings and deadly foes of the gods.
Dakini: In Indian superstition it is a female spirit of a malicious nature.
Dakinis are of two kinds: human and ghostly. Girls born on the second, seventh and
twelfth day of a month are human dakinis. They cause the death of their husbands, and
their evil eve injures all things and individuals that come under its influence. Women
who die in childbirth become dakinis. A ghostly dakini dresses in fine clothes, and
decks her person with ornaments; but she does not cover her back, which is horrible. It
is so frightful that anyone happening to see it dies of horror. They trouble only women.
They are said to live with men who gradually become emaciated, and ultimately die
within about six months. They cause cattle to yield blood instead of milk. They live
upon the flesh of corpses, can assume any form, or swell or shrink their body at will;
their feet are reversed. They haunt trees, cemeteries, deserted tanks, cross roads,
mines and other desolate places. (JACKSON, F.L.N., Vol. I, p. 152 ; Ethnologie du
Bengale, p. 95).
Damkina : Assyro-Babyl. Myth. Consort of Ea.
Dana : Gr. Myth. Daughter of Acrisius, king of Argos, and mother of Perseus by Zeus.
Danaides: Gr. Myth. They were the fifty daughters of Dana s. All of them except one
killed their husbands on the night of their marriage. As a punishment they were condemned
to fill a barrel without bottom with water.
Dana s: Gr. Myth. A mythological personage, king of Egypt and later, of Argos; father
of the Danaides.
Danava: Indian Myth. An ancient name for demons.
Dancing: Witches are very fond of this sport; they try to find many other votaries.
Goblins and Elves are also addicted to it. (STRACKERJAN, Vol. 1, pp. 312, 316, 395:)
To dream of dancing denotes poverty, grief and despair after great enjoyment.
Dando: In Cornwall it is a ghost who rides about accompanied by his hounds. (HUNT,

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Mythology Encyclopedia 59

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Byelostock and Kiev) is effective. Cuttlefish: Cuttlefish with their many legs, swimming on the top of the water and striving
to be above the waves presage a storm. (BRAND, Observations, Vol. III, p. 291.) Cwn y Wybr: The Welsh name for dogs that haunt the air. Cybele: The great nature goddess of the ancient people of Anatolia. She was the deification
of the earth as sustaining and reproducing the wild life of nature. She wasthought to haunt mountains and forest fastnesses, accompanied by trains of wild attendants
bearing torches and dancing to music. Cyclops: Class. Myth. One of a race of giants having but one eye in the middle of theforehead, fabled to inhabit Sicily, and in later traditions supposed to assist in the workshops
of Hephwstus (Vulcan) under Mt. Etna. According to Homer, they were shepherds.
Cycnus: Gr. Myth. Son of Stenelus, king of Liguria, and friend of Phaeton. He waschanged into a swan and placed among the stars. Cyhiraeth: In Wales it is a kind of dreadful and doleful moan in the night proceedingfrom an inviaible source. It is a spectral female used to be oftener heard than seen;
but her blood-freezing shriek was as a rule to be heard when she came to a cross roador to water, in which she splashed with her hands. . . . These cries meant theapproaching death of the hearer s husband, wife, or child as the case might be; but ifthe scream was inarticulate it was reckoned probable that the hearer himself was theperson foremourned. (RHYS, C.F., p. 453; BASSETT, p. 317.) cf. Death Warnings,
Death Omens. D Daedalus : Class. Myth. An Athenian architect, who built the Labyrinth of Crete. He wascast into the Labyrinth, but escaped with his son Icarus, by flying through the air withartificial wings, of which he was the inventor. Daedalus reached Sicily in safety, but hisson Icarus flew too near the sun; the wax on the wings melted, he fell and wasdrowned in the sea. Dagan: Babyl. Myth. God of the earth. He was identified with Bel (q.v.) and was worshipped
as early as the ninth century B.C. Dagda: Celtic Myth. A Gaelic god, perhaps of earth, famous as a warrior, harpist andeater of porridge. He was king of the Tuatha de Danann (q.v.) after their defeat by theMilesians.

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June 17, 2007

Mythology Encyclopedia 58

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Crust: The first crust from a loaf of bread must not be given away, but should be eatenat home; if this is not done, you will be in need (Bohemia). Crying: If a sick person cries, it is a sign that he will recover from his illness. (WUTTKE,p. 43 ; WOLF, Beitr ge, Vol. II, p. 368.)
One must not cry before at least three hours have passed since the death of a person,
otherwise the hellhounds may be attracted by the noise and devour the soul before it
has had time to reach the throne of God. (LADY WILDE, pp. 118, 214.)
Crystal: Crystal induces visions, promotes sleep and ensures pleasant dreams. It is
dedicated to the moon; in metallurgy it stands for silver.
Cuckold: Vide Mantle, Boar s Head, Drinking Horn.
Cuckoo: The same superstition as with the swallow (q.v.) in prevalent in Silesia,
Bavaria, Mark and Swabia.
If you hear the first cuckoo in spring, you will have luck all the year round (Great
Britain, Bohemia).
In Celtic superstition the cuckoo is said to have its winter dwelling underground.
(CAMPBELL, Sup. of Scot. Highl., p. 5.)
Cuckoos lay their eggs in other birds nests. (Alsace. LAMBS, p. 31.)
If you hear a cuckoo in your dream, your sweetheart will prove to be a coquette.
A cuckoo calling on the top of a house or on the chimney presages death. (LADY
WILDE, p. 318; CAMPBELL, Ob. Cit., p. 35.)
Cuichi supai: The Indians of Ecuador call the rainbow (q.v.) by this name. It is said to
be a demon that makes women pregnant. (KARSTEN, Ind. Trib. Ecuad., p. 70.)
cf. Incubus, Succubus, Jhoting, Tululu Supai.
Cup: Vide Accidental upsetting of a cup.
Cupid: Rom. Myth. The god of love. He is represented as a little naked boy with bow
and arrows. He shoots people with his darts and they immediately fall love-sick.
If you dream of Cupid breaking his dart, your love will change; but if he breaks his bow,
you will remain a spinster all vour life. cf. Kama, Venus.
Curetes: Gr. Myth. Earth-born demons, attendants upon Rhea, who, when she gave
the infant Zeus into their charge, executed a wild dance and thus concealed the child s
presence from Cronus (q.v.).
Curing diseases by transferring them to other things: See E. B. TYLOR, Primitive
Culture, Vol. II, pp. 136 etc.; DALYELL, Dark. Sup., pp. 105-111; FRAZER, G.B., Vol.
III, pp. 13 sqq.; BLACK, Folk Medicine, pp. 34-48.
Curse: The curse of a dying man, of a Brahmin (Hindus), or that of a beggar (Jews of

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